Wednesday, April 26, 2017
Cassini–Huygens Spacecraft
Cassini–Huygens is an unmanned spacecraft sent to the planet Saturn. It is a Flagship-class NASA–ESA–ASI robotic spacecraft. Cassiniis the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter orbit, and its mission is ongoing as of April 2017. It has studied the planet and its many natural satellites since arriving there in 2004.
Cassini discovered that the icy Saturn moon Enceladus conceals a sub-surface, salty ocean beneath its crust, and may be able to support living microbes. Project scientists believe that because of such discoveries, textbooks on planetary science will have to be re-written.
Development started in the 1980s. Its design includes a Saturn orbiter (Cassini) and a lander (Huygens) for the moon Titan. The two spacecraft are named after astronomersGiovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens. The spacecraft launched on October 15, 1997 aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur and entered orbit around Saturn on July 1, 2004, after an interplanetary voyage that included flybys of Earth, Venus, and Jupiter. On December 25, 2004, Huygens separated from the orbiter, and it landed on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14, 2005. It successfully returned data to Earth, using the orbiter as a relay. This was the first landing ever accomplished in the outer Solar System.
Cassini continued to study the Saturn system in the following years, and continues to operate as of April 2017. However, since November 30, 2016, due to the spacecraft's dwindling fuel resources for further orbital corrections, Cassini entered the final phase of the project. Cassini will dive through the outer ring of Saturn 22 times, once every seven days. The spacecraft will enter areas that have been untouched up until this point, getting the closest look ever at Saturn's outer rings. The first pass of the rings took place on December 4, 2016.
Cassini is currently planned to be destroyed by diving into the planet's atmosphere on September 15, 2017, when it will beam its last batch of images.The decision to end Cassini's mission in 2017 was made in 2010 to prevent the spacecraft from crashing into and damaging Saturn's moons like Enceladus.
